This repository contains the code for training and fine-tuning Sparse MoE models for vision (V-MoE) on ImageNet-21k, reproducing the results presented in the paper:

• Scaling Vision with Sparse Mixture of Experts, by Carlos Riquelme, Joan Puigcerver, Basil Mustafa, Maxim Neumann, Rodolphe Jenatton, André Susano Pinto, Daniel Keysers, and Neil Houlsby.

We will soon provide a colab analysing one of the models that we have released, as well as "config" files to train from scratch and fine-tune checkpoints. Stay tuned.

We also provide checkpoints, a notebook, and a config for Efficient Ensemble of Experts (E³), presented in the paper:

• Sparse MoEs meet Efficient Ensembles, by James Urquhart Allingham, Florian Wenzel, Zelda E Mariet, Basil Mustafa, Joan Puigcerver, Neil Houlsby, Ghassen Jerfel, Vincent Fortuin, Balaji Lakshminarayanan, Jasper Snoek, Dustin Tran,Carlos Riquelme Ruiz, and Rodolphe Jenatton.

Simply clone this repository.

The file requirements.txt contains the requirements that can be installed via PyPi. However, we recommend installing jax, flax and optax directly from GitHub, since we use some of the latest features that are not part of any release yet.

In addition, you also have to clone the Vision Transformer repository, since we use some parts of it.

If you want to use RandAugment to train models (which we recommend if you train on ImageNet-21k or ILSVRC2012 from scratch), you must also clone the Cloud TPU repository, and name it cloud_tpu.

We release the checkpoints containing the weights of some models that we trained on ImageNet (either ILSVRC2012 or ImageNet-21k). All checkpoints contain an index file (with .index extension) and one or multiple data files ( with extension .data-nnnnn-of-NNNNN, called shards). In the following list, we indicate only the prefix of each checkpoint. We recommend using gsutil to obtain the full list of files, download them, etc.

• V-MoE S/32, 8 experts on the last two odd blocks, trained from scratch on ILSVRC2012 with RandAugment for 300 epochs: gs://vmoe_checkpoints/vmoe_s32_last2_ilsvrc2012_randaug_light1.
  • Fine-tuned on ILSVRC2012 with a resolution of 384 pixels: gs://vmoe_checkpoints/vmoe_s32_last2_ilsvrc2012_randaug_light1_ft_ilsvrc2012
• V-MoE S/32, 8 experts on the last two odd blocks, trained from scratch on ILSVRC2012 with RandAugment for 1000 epochs: gs://vmoe_checkpoints/vmoe_s32_last2_ilsvrc2012_randaug_medium.
• V-MoE B/16, 8 experts on every odd block, trained from scratch on ImageNet-21k with RandAugment: gs://vmoe_checkpoints/vmoe_b16_imagenet21k_randaug_strong.
  • Fine-tuned on ILSVRC2012 with a resolution of 384 pixels: gs://vmoe_checkpoints/vmoe_b16_imagenet21k_randaug_strong_ft_ilsvrc2012
• E³ S/32, 8 experts on the last two odd blocks, with two ensemble members (i.e., the 8 experts are partitioned into two groups), trained from scratch on ILSVRC2012 with RandAugment for 300 epochs: gs://vmoe_checkpoints/eee_s32_last2_ilsvrc2012
  • Fine-tuned on CIFAR100: gs://vmoe_checkpoints/eee_s32_last2_ilsvrc2012_ft_cifar100

This is not an officially supported Google product.