This repository is the official PyTorch implementation of "Learning to Boost Resilience of Complex Networks via Neural Edge Rewiring".

Shanchao Yang, Kaili Ma, Baoxiang Wang, Tianshu Yu, Hongyuan Zha, Learning to Boost Resilience of Complex Networks via Neural Edge Rewiring, Transactions on Machine Learning Research.

• CUDA 11.+

• Create Python environment (3.+), using anaconda is recommended:

  conda create -n my-resinet-env python=3.8
  conda activate my-resinet-env
  

• Install Pytorch using anaconda

  conda install pytorch torchvision torchaudio cudatoolkit=11.1 -c pytorch -c nvidia
  

  or using Pip

  pip install torch==1.9.1+cu111 torchvision==0.10.1+cu111 torchaudio==0.9.1 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html
  

• Install networkx, tensorflow, tensorboardX, numpy, numba, dm-tree, gym, dgl, pyg

  pip install networkx==2.5
  pip install tensorflow-gpu==2.3.0
  pip install numpy==1.20.3
  pip install numba==0.52.0
  pip install gym==0.18.0
  pip install tabulate
  pip install dm-tree
  pip install lz4
  pip install opencv-python
  pip install tensorboardX
  pip install dgl-cu111 -f https://data.dgl.ai/wheels/repo.html
  pip install torch-scatter -f https://pytorch-geometric.com/whl/torch-1.9.0+cu111.html
  pip install torch-sparse -f https://pytorch-geometric.com/whl/torch-1.9.0+cu111.html
  pip install torch-cluster -f https://pytorch-geometric.com/whl/torch-1.9.0+cu111.html
  pip install torch-spline-conv -f https://pytorch-geometric.com/whl/torch-1.9.0+cu111.html
  pip install torch-geometric
  

• Install ray

  • Use the specific commit version of ray 8a066474d44110f6fddd16618351fe6317dd7e03

    For Linux:

    pip install -U https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ray-wheels/master/8a066474d44110f6fddd16618351fe6317dd7e03/ray-2.0.0.dev0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
    

    For Windows:

    pip install -U https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ray-wheels/master/8a066474d44110f6fddd16618351fe6317dd7e03/ray-2.0.0.dev0-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl
    

  • Download our repository, which includes the source codes of ray and ResiNet.

    git clone https://github.com/yangysc/ResiNet.git
    

  • Set the symlink of rllib to use our custom rllib (remeber to remove these symlinks before uninstalling ray!)

    python ResiNet/ray-master/python/ray/setup-dev.py -y
    

There are 4 important file folders.

• Environment: ResiNet/ray-master/rllib/examples/env/

  • graphenv.py is the edge rewiring environment based on OpenAI gym.

  • parametric_actions_graph.py is the env wrapper that accesses the graph from graphenv.py and returns the dict observation.

  • utils_.py defines the reward calculation strategy.

  • get_mask.py defines the action mask calculation for selecting the first edge and the second edge.

  • datasets is the folder for providing training and test datasets. The following table (Table 2, Page 17 in the paper) records the statistics of graphs used in the paper.

    Dataset	Node	Edge	Action Space Size
    BA-15	15	54	5832
    BA-50	50	192	73728
    BA-100	100	392	307328
    EU	217	640	819200
    BA-10-30 ()	10-30	112	25088
    BA-20-200 ()	20-200	792	1254528

• Model: ResiNet/ray-master/rllib/examples/models/

  • autoregressive_action_model.py is the network architecture of ResiNet.
  • gnnmodel.py defines the GIN model based on dgl.

• Distribution: ResiNet/ray-master/rllib/examples/models/

  • autoregressive_action_dist.py is the action distribution module of ResiNet.

• Loss: ResiNet/ray-master/rllib/agents/ppo/

  • ppo_torch_policy.py defines the DDPPO loss function.

We tested the following experiments (see Command) with

• GPU: GEFORCE RTX 3090 * 2 (24 G memory * 2 = 48G in total)
• CPU: AMD 3990X

Adjust the corresponding hyperparameters according to your GPU hardware. Our code supports the multiple gpus training thanks to ray. The GPU memory capacity and the number of gpu are the main bottlenecks for DDPPO. The usage of more gpus means a faster training.

• num-gpus: the number of GPU available in total (increase it if more gpus are available)
• bs: batch size
• mini-bs: minibatch size
• tasks-per-gpu：the number of paralleled worker
• gpus_per_instance: the number of GPU used for this train instance (ray can support tune multiple instances simultaneously) (increase it if more gpus are available)

First go to the following folder.

cd ResiNet/ray-master/rllib/examples

• Transductive setting (dataset is in [example_15, example_50, example_100, EU])

  • Run the experiment on optimizing the BA-15 dataset with alpha=0, risilience metric R, node degree-based attack:

    CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python autoregressivegraph_decouple_action_dist_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --cwd-path=./ --stop-iters=2000 --stop-timesteps=800000 --dataset=example_15 --tasks-per-gpu=2 --gpus_per_instance=2 --bs=4096 --mini-bs=256 --filtration_order=-1  --alpha=0 --robust-measure=R --reward_scale=10 --dual_clip_param=10 --lr=7e-4 --vf_lr=7e-4 --ppo_alg=dcppo --hidden_dim=64 --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=ge --seed=0 
    

  • Optimize the BA-15 dataset with a grid search of the filtration order (set to -3):

    CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python autoregressivegraph_decouple_action_dist_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --cwd-path=./ --stop-iters=2000 --stop-timesteps=800000 --dataset=example_15 --tasks-per-gpu=2 --gpus_per_instance=2 --bs=4096 --mini-bs=256 --filtration_order=-3  --alpha=0 --robust-measure=R --reward_scale=10 --dual_clip_param=10 --lr=7e-4 --vf_lr=7e-4 --ppo_alg=dcppo --hidden_dim=64 --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=ge --seed=0 
    

  • Optimize the BA-15 dataset with a grid search of alpha (the coefficient of weighted sum of resilience and utility) (set to -1):

    CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python autoregressivegraph_decouple_action_dist_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --cwd-path=./ --stop-iters=2000 --stop-timesteps=800000 --dataset=example_15 --tasks-per-gpu=2 --gpus_per_instance=2 --bs=4096 --mini-bs=256 --filtration_order=-1  --alpha=-1 --robust-measure=R --reward_scale=10 --dual_clip_param=10 --lr=7e-4 --vf_lr=7e-4 --ppo_alg=dcppo --hidden_dim=64 --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=ge --seed=0
    

  • Optimize the BA-15 dataset with a grid search of robust-measure (resilience metric, choice is [R, sr, ac]) (set to -1):

    CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python autoregressivegraph_decouple_action_dist_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --cwd-path=./ --stop-iters=2000 --stop-timesteps=800000 --dataset=example_15 --tasks-per-gpu=2 --gpus_per_instance=2 --bs=4096 --mini-bs=256 --filtration_order=-1  --alpha=0 --robust-measure=-1 --reward_scale=10 --dual_clip_param=10 --lr=7e-4 --vf_lr=7e-4 --ppo_alg=dcppo --hidden_dim=64 --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=ge --seed=0 
    

  • Optimize the BA-15 dataset with a grid search of second-obj-func (utility metric, choice is [ge, le]) (set to -1):

    CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python autoregressivegraph_decouple_action_dist_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --cwd-path=./ --stop-iters=2000 --stop-timesteps=800000 --dataset=example_15 --tasks-per-gpu=2 --gpus_per_instance=2 --bs=4096 --mini-bs=256 --filtration_order=-1  --alpha=0 --robust-measure=R --reward_scale=10 --dual_clip_param=10 --lr=7e-4 --vf_lr=7e-4 --ppo_alg=dcppo --hidden_dim=64 --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=-1 --seed=-1 
    

  • Optimize the BA-15 dataset with a grid search of seed (set to -1):

    CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python autoregressivegraph_decouple_action_dist_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --cwd-path=./ --stop-iters=2000 --stop-timesteps=800000 --dataset=example_15 --tasks-per-gpu=2 --gpus_per_instance=2 --bs=4096 --mini-bs=256 --filtration_order=-1  --alpha=0 --robust-measure=R --reward_scale=10 --dual_clip_param=10 --lr=7e-4 --vf_lr=7e-4 --ppo_alg=dcppo --hidden_dim=64 --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=ge --seed=-1 
    

  • Optimize the EU dataset (increase bs and hidden_dim if more gpus are available. Four gpus would be better for hidden_dim=64):

    CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python autoregressivegraph_decouple_action_dist_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --cwd-path=./ --stop-iters=2000 --stop-timesteps=800000 --dataset=EU --tasks-per-gpu=1 --gpus_per_instance=2 --bs=1024 --mini-bs=256 --filtration_order=1 --alpha=0 --robust-measure=R --reward_scale=10 --dual_clip_param=10 --lr=7e-4 --vf_lr=7e-4 --ppo_alg=dcppo --hidden_dim=32 --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=ge --seed=0  
    

• Inductive setting (dataset is in [ba_small_30, ba_mixed])

  • for the ba_small_30 dataset (use full filtration)

    CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python autoregressivegraph_decouple_action_dist_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --cwd-path=./ --stop-iters=2000 --stop-timesteps=800000 --dataset=ba_small_30 --tasks-per-gpu=1 --gpus_per_instance=2 --bs=2048 --mini-bs=256 --filtration_order=-1  --alpha=0 --robust-measure=R --reward_scale=10 --dual_clip_param=10 --lr=7e-4 --vf_lr=7e-4 --ppo_alg=dcppo --hidden_dim=64 --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=ge --seed=0 
    

  • for the ba_mixed dataset (set filtratio_order to 1, tasks-per-gpu to 1 and bs to 2048)

    CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python autoregressivegraph_decouple_action_dist_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --cwd-path=./ --stop-iters=2000 --stop-timesteps=800000 --dataset=ba_mixed --tasks-per-gpu=1 --gpus_per_instance=2 --bs=2048 --mini-bs=256 --filtration_order=1  --alpha=0 --robust-measure=R --reward_scale=10 --dual_clip_param=10 --lr=7e-4 --vf_lr=7e-4 --ppo_alg=dcppo --hidden_dim=64 --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=ge --seed=0
    

We highly recommend using tensorboard to monitor the training process. To do this, you may run

tensorboard --logdir log/DDPPO

Set checkpoint_freq to be non-zero (zero by default) if you want to save the trained models during the training process. And the final trained model will be saved by default when the training is done. All trained models and tensorboard logs are saved in the folder log/DDPPO/.

• BA-15 (dataset is in [example_15, example_50, example_100, EU, ba_small_30, ba_mixed]) (The problem setting related hyperparameters need to be consistent with the values used in training.)

  CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python evaluate_trained_agent_dppo.py --num-gpus=2 --tasks-per-gpu=1 --bs=400 --mini-bs=16 --gpus_per_instance=1 --ppo_alg=dcppo --attack_strategy=degree --second-obj-func=le --seed=0 --reward_scale=1 --test_num=-1 --cwd-path=./test  --alpha=0.5 --dataset=example_15 --filtration_order=-1  --robust-measure=ac --hidden_dim=64
  

  Remember to set the restore_path in evaluate_trained_agent_dppo.py (Line 26) to the trained model folder.

If you find this work useful, please cite our paper:

@article{
yang2023learning,
title={Learning to Boost Resilience of Complex Networks via Neural Edge Rewiring},
author={Shanchao Yang and Kaili Ma and Baoxiang Wang and Tianshu Yu and Hongyuan Zha},
journal={Transactions on Machine Learning Research},
issn={2835-8856},
year={2023},
url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=moZvOx5cxe}
}